猪胴体淋巴结中金黄色葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定

随机采取西宁市某生猪屠宰场猪胴体淋巴结60份,进行细菌常规分离培养,结果分离出金黄色葡萄球菌菌株40株,表明该批猪胴体中的金黄色葡萄球菌带菌率可能较高,应引起有关部门的重视。     

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria in an equine hospital (2012–2015)

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are an emerging threat in human and veterinary medicine. There are few reports about infections caused by MDR isolates in horses. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of infections caused by MDR bacteria at the Equine Hospital Zurich between 2012 and 2015. Medical records were searched for horses with confirmed MDR bacterial infection. Multidrug resistance was defined according to human guidelines specific for each pathogen. MDR isolates were most commonly isolated from post-procedural infections (53/110, 48%), followed by musculoskeletal (16/110, 15%) and soft tissue infections (16/110, 15%). Escherichia coli (32/158, 20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25/158, 16%) were the most common isolates. High resistance rates precluded therapy with commonly used antimicrobial drugs. The overall mortality rate was 20% (22/108) but depended on the localisation of the infection. Antimicrobial treatment prior to development of infection was reported for 89% (91/102) of horses. This study showed that MDR pathogens, mainly MDR E. coli and MRSA, cause a considerable number of infections in horses. A wide range of infections was seen, however, nosocomial infections predominated. These cases are typically hospitalised, pretreated with antibiotics, and suffering from comorbidities putting them at high-risk for acquiring infections caused by MDR isolates. The mortality of such infections was generally low but depended on site of infection.     

Use of computerized image analysis to quantify staphylococcal adhesion to canine corneocytes: does breed and body site have any relevance to the pathogenesis of pyoderma?

An optimized system of computerized image analysis was used to investigate variations in the adherence of Staphylococcus intermedius to canine corneocytes from four different breed groups and six different anatomical sites. S. intermedius showed significantly greater adherence to the head and neck compared with the dorsum, but adherence to the limb, axilla and groin did not differ from other sites. Furthermore, there was significantly greater adherence of S. intermedius to corneocytes from the dorsum, forelimb, axilla and groin of Boxers and Bull Terriers than Spaniels and Hounds. S. intermedius, and also Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibited abundant adherence, which was significantly greater than Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus canis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In addition, S. intermedius adherence demonstrated a sigmoid dose-response curve with increasing bacterial concentration. These results suggest that S. intermedius adheres to canine corneocytes by a specific receptor-ligand interaction and adheres to the skin of some breeds more avidly than others. However, variations in adherence between body regions would not account for the predilection sites of canine bacterial pyoderma.     

微生物能力验证实验结果分析

为提高微生物实验室检潮能力和检验人员技术水平,增强实验室竞争力,依据国家标准GB 4789.2、3、4、10-2010,采用多稀释度、多平行样和多方法,同时结合3M纸片法对代码为T0504-A样品中的菌落总数、T0504-B中的大肠菌群、T0504-C中的金黄色葡萄球菌、T0504-D中的沙门氏菌进行检测鉴定.结果表明...     

金黄色葡萄球菌聚集因子A（C1fa A）功能区基因的克隆及真核表达质粒构建

粘附素蛋白是金黄色葡萄球菌感染早期最重要的致病因子,研究根据金黄色葡萄球菌聚集因子A（c1fa A）基因,设计合成特异性引物,以国内奶牛乳腺炎临床分离株金黄色葡萄球菌基因组为PCR模板,进行c1fa A基因的克隆,并连接入pMD18-T载体进行测序和序列分析,然后经BamH I和Xba I双酶切后构建真核表达载体并进行鉴定。结果表明,以金黄色葡萄球菌标准株为对照,国内分离株多数在990bp处扩增到特异性条带,经测序鉴定,与Genebank发表的金黄色葡萄球菌c1fa A序列同源性为99％;构建的真核表达质粒通过PCR和双酶切鉴定证明构建成功,为研究核酸疫苗奠定基础。     

新疆不同地区奶牛乳房炎β溶血性金黄色葡萄球菌毒力与基因相关性分析

从新疆5个地区8个奶牛场乳房炎奶样中分离的101株β溶血性金黄色葡萄球菌中随机选64株用小鼠进行毒力测定,同时用随机引物扩增多态性(RAPD)技术分别以3个随机引物进行基因相关性分析,建立种系进化树。结果表明,55%的菌株对小鼠具有较强毒力(可致小鼠2/3死亡),且在乌鲁木齐、奎屯和伊犁地区占据优势。基因相关性分析表明,当相对基因相关性为0.35时,被检测菌株主要分布于6个进化群,86.5%的菌株分布在A、B、C和E4个进化群。其中,50%菌株属于A群,13.5%属于B群,5.8%属于C群,17.3%属于E群。从地区分布可见,乌鲁木齐、伊犁和奎屯地区分离的菌株分别有69.6%、61.1%和71.4%分布在A群;昌吉3个牛场48%、24%的分离菌株分布在B群和C群;库尔勒牛场35.7%、57.1%的分离菌株分布在A群和E群。26株对小鼠具有致死性的菌株分布在A群,这些菌株占致死小鼠菌株的74.3%。     

猪源ST9型耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌中前噬菌体的流行状况与转导分析

本研究旨在分析猪源ST9型耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)中前噬菌体的流行情况、结构特点和转导能力,探究前噬菌体在猪源MRSA流行克隆形成中的作用。基于全基因组信息,分析了近年来从我国多省分离的131株ST9型MRSA中前噬菌体的流行率、分型、亲缘关系和结构特征;选取含不同分型前噬菌体的菌株进行诱导,对诱导获得的噬菌体颗粒进行转导,测定转导子的耐药表型及体外适应性。研究结果显示：猪源ST9型MRSA的前噬菌体携带率为78.6%(103/131株),其中,63株携带完整前噬菌体序列,所有前噬菌体序列均不含耐药基因,仅2.9%(3/103株)的前噬菌体序列含毒力基因;前噬菌体谱型丰富,其整合酶分型主要为Sa2int和Sa4int;各型别前噬菌体结构同源性较高,完整前噬菌体可被诱导为长尾噬菌体;噬菌体颗粒可包装供体菌的aadD、tet(L)耐药基因并转导至受体菌中;转导子可获得卡那霉素、四环素耐药表型,体外生长能力与受体菌株无明显差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明：猪源ST9型MRSA的前噬菌体携带率较高,谱型丰富,不携带耐药基因,部分噬菌体可包装供体菌的耐药基因转导至受体菌,产生的适应性代价小。     

实验动物粪便中金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌检验方法的比较

为探讨实验动物粪便中金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的检测方法,试验比较了国标的方法、ATB生化鉴定试纸条、rRNA测序分析对样品的检测结果,发现生化鉴定试纸条和16S rRNA测序分析均可以准确、高效地检测出沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,而参考国标的方法,有些金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的鉴定结果与国标不一致。试验表明,用ATB生化鉴定试纸条和16S rRNA序列分析检测沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌及其他菌的方法更可靠。     

原料乳和临床乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因检测及药敏分析

对临床乳房炎（57株）和原料乳（44株）金黄色葡萄球菌菌株,用PCR方法检测mecA基因、PVL基因、ETs基因、SEs基因和TSST-1基因;采用CLSI指导说明执行琼脂稀释法药敏性试验。结果显示原料乳菌株中,84.09%携带有毒素基因,其中PVL的检出率为84.09%,肠毒素的检出率为52.27%,主要流行的肠毒素基因为sea（56.82%）,均未检测到携带mecA、ETs、TSST-1、sei和sej基因的菌株;同时得到10种毒素基因型,其主要流行的毒素基因型为PVL＋sea（29.55%）和PVL（27.27%）。临床菌株中,78.95%携带有毒素基因,其中PVL的检出率为28.07%,肠毒素的检出率为77.19%,主要流行的肠毒素基因为sea（47.37%）,没有检测到携带ETs、TSST-1和seh基因菌株;同时得到25种毒素基因型,其主要流行的毒素基因型为sea（19.30%）,其次是seb（7.02%）,sea＋sed＋sej（3.51%）和PVL＋sea＋seb＋sec＋seg＋sei（3.51%）。6株（10.53%）携带有mecA基因菌株均含有较多毒素基因。原料乳分离株对甲氧苄啶和头孢西丁的耐药率较高,分别为100%和86.36%,其次对氯霉素、红霉素、苯唑西林、头孢哌酮和庆大霉素的耐药率分别为11.36%、4.55%、2.27%、2.27%和6.82%,所有原料乳菌株均对环丙沙星敏感,同时得到8种耐药谱,多重耐药率达22%;临床乳房炎菌株对红霉素和甲氧苄啶的耐药率较高,分别为100%和71.93%,其次对氯霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、头孢西丁和苯唑西林的耐药率分别为28.07%、26.07%、24.56%、19.30%和7.02%,临床乳房炎菌株对头孢哌酮和四环素的敏感率为100%,同时得到13种耐药谱,多重耐药率达77.19%。所有原料乳和临床乳房炎菌株均对万古霉素和阿米卡星敏感。临床乳房炎菌株携带的毒素基因和多重耐药率比原料奶菌株高,同时在临床乳房炎乳中检测到MRSA菌株,提示我们应加强乳及其乳制品的管理,并对奶牛乳房炎加以重视。     

Potential for pet animals to harbour methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus when residing with human MRSA patients

Colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may be persistent in people and is horizontally transmissible. The scientific literature suggests that domestic pets may also participate in cross-transmission of MRSA within households. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA carriage by pets residing in households with an MRSA-infected person. From 66 households in which an MRSA-infected patient resided, we screened 47 dogs and 52 cats using a swab protocol. Isolates from pets and humans were genotyped using two techniques and compared for concordance. Human participants completed a 22-question survey of demographic and epidemiologic data relevant to staphylococcal transmission. Eleven of 99 pets (11.5%) representing 9 (13.6%) of households were MRSA-positive, but in only six of these households were the human and animal-source strains genetically concordant. Human infection by strain USA 100 was significantly associated with pet carriage [OR = 11.4 (95% CI 1.7, 76.9); P = 0.013]. Yet, for each day of delay in sampling the pet after the person's MRSA diagnosis, the odds of isolating any type of MRSA from the pet decreased by 13.9% [(95% CI 2.6, 23.8); P = 0.017)]. It may be concluded that pets can harbour pandemic strains of MRSA while residing in a household with an infected person. However, the source of MRSA to the pet cannot always be attributed to the human patient. Moreover, the rapid attrition of the odds of obtaining a positive culture from pets over time suggests that MRSA carriage may be fleeting.